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Indonesia Overview

Indonesia Overview; The Amazing of Indonesia”. Well, Indonesia is located in the crossroads between Australia and Asia and between Pacific and Indian Oceans. Indonesia is the length country number one in the world. Indonesia from Indos means-India and Nesos means-island. It was A. Bastian, a Germany academician who first gave the name Indonesia in 1884. It’s a string of over 17.508 islands that stretches 5.176.800-km2 equator. It’s inhabited by more than 230 million people in 2013, from 300 ethnic groups speaking about 200 languages, The one national language is; Bahasa Indonesia. It’s derived from Bahasa Melayu that was historically.

English is spoken and written in all tourists’ destination area whole of Indonesia. Dutch is spoken by the older generation and there still exist more than 300 ethnic groups who speak more than 200 district languages. Diversity also extends to customs, cuisine or culinary and dress. Indonesia is a kaleidoscopic of cultures and traditions. It is the only one country in the whole world, which is consisted of thousands of islands with population owning various cultures and ethnics. Geographically it is a land stunning contrast. Alpine ranger capped with snow tower over the rainforest and coastal marshes of Papua, the eastern most province of the country.


From Aceh to Sumatera, Java, Bali’s northern tip, blue volcanoes slope down toward lush paddies, dotted with hamlets snoozing under the shelter of trees. From the cool mountain resorts of Java. Bali and Sumatera to the Arids open savanas of the eastern Island from the Pulush hotels and shopping arcades of the big cities, the cacophony of modern traffic, to the eerle silence of the wondrous submarine world of corals and fish of North Sulawesi and Maluku. Indonesia is a meddly of sights and experiences, each compelling enough to justify it’s own information book.

Perched on the southwestern rim of the so-called Ring of Five that surrounds the Pacipic basin. Indonesia’s one of the most volcanically active regions of the world from the west side to the east side. On the chain of mountains which stretch as from Banda in Maluku through the islands of East and West Nusa Tenggara to Java and Sumatera, and further toward Burma, there are 149 volcanoes, 70 to 80 of which are active.

The Indonesia’s Government
The 17th of August 1945 was the greatest day in the Indonesian struggle for Independence Day. Soekarno and Hatta proclaimed the country’s independence from foreign rule, in Jakarta, the city that was to become the nation’s capital. Indonesia is an archipelago consisting of more than 17.508 islands and islests comprising islands known to the world like Java Island, Sumatera Island, Kalimantan Island, Sulawesi Island, the Moluccas now called Maluku and part of the world’s second biggest island of  New Guinea or called Irian Jaya but some people now called it Papua. Now 17th of August is Indonesia’s Independence Day and it’s a public holiday.


The proclamation was short and to the point which reads as:
Proclamation

We, the Indonesian people herewith proclaim the independence of Indonesia. All matters pertaining to the transfer of power etc. Will be carried out correctly and in the shortest possible time.

Jakarta, August 17, 1945


On behalf of the Indonesian people

Sgd.

Soekarno – Hatta.

The State philosophy is contained in the five principles of “Pancasila and Bhineka Tunggal Ika” as it’s first principles, namely:

Belief in the One Supreme God, Just and Civilized Humanitarianism, The Unity of Indonesia, Sovereignty People Democracy Led by the Wisdom of Deliberations among Representatives, Social Justice for the Whole ofthe People of Indonesia.

National anthem is a patriotic song “Indonesia The Great” (Indonesia Raya) praise the natural beauty of a country or express the hopes of it’s people, was composed in 1928 during the Dutch colonial period, introduced by it’s composer ; Wage Rudolf Soepratman at the All Indonesian Youth Congress held on 28th October 1928 at the time when Indonesia’s youth originating, pledged:

1.                  Belonging to one nation, the Indonesian nation;
2.                  Having one native country, Indonesia;
3.                  Having one language of unity, the Indonesia language.

Indonesia is a democratic Unitarian Republic with  33 provinces and a constitution which provides for a strong executive, more or less along the lines of the American Presidential system. Every five years, the People’s Consultative Assembly elects a national president and vice president and also sets out the broad outlines of state policy. Democracy as practiced in Indonesia, stresses the desirability of rule by consensus through consultations, rather than simple majority rule.

The Indonesian Peoples
Most Indonesians are of the Melanesian stock a mixture of sub Mongoloids and Wajaks. They make up to main population groups of the major islands from Sumatera to Java, Kalimantan, Bali, Lombok, Sulawesi, Maluku, and also Papua. The majority are of Polynesian and Proto – Austronesian ancestry, while people of Micronesian lineage inhabit the small islands along this country’s eastern borders.

The history of setting of these islands reaches back some 500,000 years whene “Java Man” (Pithecanthropus erectus) roamed Java’s plains. Migrations from the Sourth East Asian  main land now part of China and Tonkin occuring from 3.000 to 500 BC by peoples of Proto-Malay and Mongoloid stock ushered first the Stone Age, then the Bronze and Iron Ages into these islands.

Over the many centuries that followed, there has been an influx of peoples from all parts of the world mainly from Arabia, India, China, and Europe. As a result, Indonesia’s population pattern today is a rich tapestry of races and cultures who live together in harmony.Indonesia is still an agrarian country despite a gradual shift toward modern industry. Java, where 7,5 % of the country’s population inhabits 7 % of it’s land area, is one the most densely areas in the world.

Indonesians are a polite people and very tolerant towards foreigners and their manners. Handshaking is customary for men and women alike on introduction and greeting, accompanied with the usual smile.

The Economy
About 75 percent of the people still live from agricultural. More than two decades of planned development is giving industry an ever bigger share in the national economy. The chemical, automotive, textile, food processing and aviation industries are among the sectors that have been rapid development in the past decades.  Indonesia, exports cars and aircraft to a number of countries, besides such traditional products as oil and estate crops.

The constitution dictates that the exploitation of the nation’s waters, the land and all the products they contain be controlled by the state and used for the good of all. Since 1967, the country has welcomed foreign capital to be invested in Indonesia to help the nation in it’s development efforts. Indonesia is one of the world’s major producers of oil industry in cooperation with foreign companies.

The Art  and Culture
The oldest foundations of the traditional art forms and cultural expressions surviving among the majority of peoples living in Indonesia are a legacy of the so-called Dong-son civilization. This is the civilization which the early migrants brought from the Asian mainland many centuries ago. This shared legacy explains the similarities that often exist in the ornamental patterns, beliefes and other aspects of culture prevailing in regions as far apart as Sumatera and Sulawesi, or Java and Kalimantan. Even the highly sophisticated gamelan(a traditional Javanese percussion orchestra) ensembles of Java and Bali are believed to be derived from the very ancient kettledrum one of the products of the Dong-son culture.

Contact with other parts of the world in later centuries, have left deep imprints of influences from Arabia, China, India, Europe and elswhere to establish an ornate and offer most refined mosaic of artistic and cultural expressions. Other traditions, through, exist and are by no means less artistic. For instance, the renewed “Primitive” art of the Asmats in Papua-Irian Jaya, one of Indonesia’s most touristically spectacular provinces, or that of the people of the Tanimbar Islands at the eastern tip of Maluku.

The culture of Java and Bali are examples of the profound Indian influence in the early centuries. Sumatera’s art and culture on the other hand show the staunch Moslem hold. This background has made Indonesia not anly a gigantic stage for some of Asia’s and the world’s most fascinating performing arts, but also a paradise for souvenir hunters and also for culinary.

The Religion
From prehistorically times up to the present, religion plays an importan part in lives of Indonesian. According to the latest count about 90% of the nation’s population are Moslems, and the other 10% include Christians, Hindus, Buddhists, Taoists, and Sikhs, while one percent adhere to “other beliefs”.  There are numerous mosques and churches in the city,  Chinese and Balinese temples, one sikh temple and a Theosophist building.

Moslem as well as many Christian, Hindu and Buddhist holidays are also public holiday. As a predominantly Muslim country, Indonesia ostensibly observes Muslim traditions such as fasting during the month of Ramadhan Month. Each year on the occasion of Idul Fitri Day there is generally a mass exodus from the capital as inhabitants to their hometowns for an annual family reunion each years.Indonesia, however, has no official or state religion. The state accords equal rights and protection to all the five officially recognized religion and promotes the harmonious coexistence of creeds as dictated by the national philosophy Pancasila and the Constitution.

The Climate
Stabled on the equator between Asia and Australia, Indonesia’s climate is typically tropical. A generous rainfall, soft winds, high temperatures and a high humidity generally characterize the lawlands climate, but marked deviations may occur due to factors of geography. Average daily temperatures range from 210 Celcius (700 F) to 330 Celcius (900 F), but are lower in high mountain areas.Due to the proximity of the Asian and Australian land masses, the country is heavily influenced by the monsoons, with a dry season lasting for most areas from roughly June to September and a rainy season from December to March. The wettest month is usually February.

And Indonesia is divided into three time zone, that are :
Western Indonesia Time ;
Sumatera, Java, West and Central Kalimantan, are 7 hours ahead of GMT.
Central Indonesia Time :
East and South Kalimantan, Bali, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, are 8 hours ahead of GMT.
Eastern Indonesia Time :
Maluku and Irian Jaya (Papua), are 9 hours ahead of GMT.

Object of Interest are
The Republic of Indonesia Unitary State (Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia / NKRI) had several best tourism and best adventure objects and also very interesting and very impressive adventure in the world. Various monument historic the ancient legacy was received in Indonesia that was very interesting and very astonishing in mystery the universe as the inheritance ancient times. In this Guiding To Indonesia Text Book the writer only gave the headline of the objects. For details, you could visit directly to the tourist attractions and adventure also at the same time undertaking and expanding your business in your expenses tour and adventure in the Amazing of Indonesia.

Batik; Indonesian Cultural Heritage

Batik is one of the ingredients clothier. But different from the usual cloth. Batik is a craft that has high artistic value and has become part of Indonesian culture (especially Java) since long. Batik is a cloth that traditionally made by uses a manual wax-resist dyeing technique. Level of difficulty of making batik is very difficult for ordinary people who did not make it, because it takes a special skill, and details creativity, and also to create new patterns. Batik material can be made into dresses, shirts, gloves, bags, hats, table cloths, napkins, painting and decorative items, etc., with the traditional colors chocolate, indigo and blue or a more colorful.

The Symbolic Meaning of Batik's Motifs
The Batik motifs, especially with old pattern, as in other field of Javanese tradition are symbolizing something. Some of the motifs are :
1.      Sido Mulyo :Sido (you should be ), mulyo (happy). Symbolizing 'you should be happy and rich man'.
2.      Sido Dadi : Symbolizing 'you should be a man/woman as you wish (prosperous, high ranking position, wealthy, etc)'.
3.      Satrio Wibowo :Symbolizing 'Man with dignity'.
4.                        Tikel Asmorodono :Tikel (more), Asmoro (love), Dono (gift).
It is meant the one who wears this batik, should be loved more and more by others.

Batik is a cloth that traditionally uses a manual wax-resist dyeing technique. Javanese traditional batik, especially from Yogyakarta and Surakarta, has notable meanings rooted to the Javanese conceptualization of the universe. Traditional colours include indigo, dark brown, and white, which represent the three major Hindu Gods (Brahmā, Visnu, and Śiva). This is related to the fact that natural dyes are most commonly available in indigo and brown. Certain patterns can only be worn by nobility; traditionally, wider stripes or wavy lines of greater width indicated higher rank. Consequently, during Javanese ceremonies, one could determine the royal lineage of a person by the cloth he or she was wearing.Other regions of Indonesia have their own unique patterns that normally take themes from everyday lives, incorporating patterns such as flowers, nature, animals, folklore or people. The colours of batik pesisir, from the coastal cities of northern Java, are especially vibrant, and it absorbs influence from the Javanese, Arab, Chinese and Dutch cultures. In the colonial times batik pesisir was a favorite of the derivative Chinese, Dutch and Eurasians.

UNESCO designated Indonesian batik as a Masterpiece of Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity on October 2, 2009. As part of the acknowledgment, UNESCO insisted that Indonesia preserve their heritage. Batik or fabrics with the traditional batik patterns are also found in several countries such as Malaysia, Japan, China, Azerbaijan, India, Sri Lanka, Egypt, Nigeria, Senegal, and Singapore. Malaysian batik often displays plants and flowers to avoid the interpretation of human and animal images as idolatry, in accordance with local Islamic doctrine.

Reog Ponorogo

Reog is one of the Indonesia cultural arts. Reog is a traditional dance that become the main identity for Ponorogo regency. Ponorogo regarded as the true origin Reog. Because of this, Ponorogo is also known as Reog city. This culture is still very strong with things mystical and powerful mystic. Ponorogo is most well known for the reog mask dance, which is said to have been created by one of the kings of Kediri in the 12th century. Reog usually consists of the principal characters; Singa Barong, wearing an enormous tiger head and peacock feather mask, and his adversary Pujangga Anom. They are accompanied by one or more masked clowns.

One of the unique features of the reog dance is that the hobby horse (In Java language called Jaran kepang) dancers are invariably young boys dressed as women. Known as gemblak, they accompany the warok, who are forbidden close association with females, in their travelling performances. Until now people Ponorogo only follow what their ancestral heritage as a cultural inheritance which is very rich. In the experience of art is the copyright Reog human creations that form the existing faiths were hereditary and awake. Ponorogo city gate was decorated by warok and gemblak figure, two figures who had appeared at the time reog displayed.

Reog, existence only emerged in religious ceremony and a celebration day. ponorogo identical with reog. reog beginnings were historically created by ki ageng kertabumi ticks to satirize the king, the king majapahit. are afraid and are subject to the concubines. There are also connecting origin connected with the story banner, the marriage between the sons of the kingdom and the daughter of kendiri Jenggala. so finally reog become a traditional art that still survive until today in ponorogo. even been extended to foreign countries. Reog development of this very day have also developed mainly in order to music and dance. kenong first example used only one thing but now wear two kenong. gamelan accompaniment even to survive. and thus named as reog style potrojayan style. 

Warok ponorogo can not escape from reog ponorogo because that makes reog ponorogo former is warok. what you guys know what it warok? warok is someone who has much knowledge of psychotherapy. and reog can not escape from warok. both are closely related to each other. and to become a warok very heavy because the conditions were very heavy. and a warok must be able to give benefits to anyone. Reog usual festival is always visited by foreign tourists. and that surprised a lot more to make a record for the recalled memories because it was memorable.  for people may see reog ponorogo usual but when the show actually begins nearly 80% reog ponorogo people streaming into the town square flock to see the annual event.

The Indonesia’s Flora and Fauna
Indonesia’s wealth in plant and animal life has since long attracted the interest of laymen and sholars alike. The renowned naturalists Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace were among those who made some of their most important studies in this archipilago. The latter is especially remembered in this country for his observation of the intriuing differences that exist between the flora and fauna of Kalimantan. Bali and the other islands to the west on the one side, and those of Lombok and Sulawesi and the eastern islands on the other. Those of the first were related to plaints and animals found on the Asian mainland, while those of the latter were related to the Australian flora and fauna. The imaginary demarcation line is known to this day as the “Wallace Line”. Among the roughly 15,000 plants species found in Indonesia, some are extremely rare like for example the giant Rafflesia of Sumatera and the Black Orchid of Kalimantan.

The archipilago is also extremely rich in tropical hardwoods and rare endemic plant species which grow in the rain forests. The country has 320 nature reserves and national parks, occupying a total area of just under 13 million hectares (33.8 million acres) and more are expected to be added in the years to come. Among the protected species are the Giant Lizard-Komodo Dragon of East Nusa Tenggara, the orang utan (Pongo pygmazus) of Sumatera and Kalimantan, and a veriety of biros and other animals. 

For waterfall lover, we have some of them, those are;
Cikaso Waterfall, in Sukabumi, West Java. Madakaripura Waterfall in Lumbang, Probolinggo in the area of Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park, East Java. Moramo Waterfall in Southeast Sulawesi. Harau Valley, in West Sumatera. Cinulang Waterfall. Tumpuk waterfall, in Ponorogo, East Java. Pletuk Waterfall, in Ponorogo, East java. Sedudo Waterfall, in Nganjuk, East java. Cigangsa Waterfall. Ujung Genteng, West Java. Soom Waterfalls, Teluk Sumbang, Kalimantan. Gitgit Waterfalls. Tinoor Waterfalls. Sewu Waterfalls, Patean, Kendal, Central Java. “Mini Niagara” Temam Waterfall, Lubuk Linggau in South Sumatera. Pancaro Rayo Waterfall, Kerinci,in Jambi. Tegenungan Waterfall, in Sukawati, Bali. Bantimurung Waterfalls, in Maros, South Sulawesi. Jantur Inar Waterfall, in West Kutai, East Kalimantan. Candidasa, in Karangasem, Bali. Luhur Waterfall, in Bojong Koneng, Bogor. Benang Kelambu Waterfall, in Lombok. Tangsi Ampek Waterfall, in Solok, West Sumatera. Munduk Waterfall, North Bali. Sekumpul Waterfall Bali. Tegenungan Waterfall, in Kemenuh Village, District of Sukawati, Gianyar Regency. Sipiso-piso Waterfall, in Berastagi, Medan, North Sumatera. Ijen Waterfall.  Jumping Waterfallin Nusa Dua, Bali. Coban Rondo Waterfall, in Batu, East Java. Tenang waterfall, in South Sumatera.Saluopa waterfall, in Sulawesi. Maribaya waterfall, in Lembang, Bandung, West Java. Malela Waterfall, West Java. Ogi Waterfalls, in Bajawa, Flores. Wafsarak Waterfall, in Papua. Tinoor Waterfall, in North Sulawesi. Oehala Waterfall, in East Nusa Tenggara. Taraje, in Banten. Bantimurung Waterfall and National Park in Maros, Sourthern Sulawesi. Matajitu Waterfall, in Moyo Island, West Nusa Tenggara. Sawarna. Jembatan Batu Waterfalls in Northern Halmahera, Northern Maluku. Koeang Waterfall, in Maribaya Hot Spring, Cibodas District, Lembang, Bandung, etc.




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