INDONESIA AND BEYOND: Jambi Provinsi

Jambi Provinsi

The Capital City of Jambi Province is “Jambi”

In 1833, minor conflicts with the Dutch (the Indonesian colonial possessions of which were now nationalized as the Dutch East Indies) who were well established in Palembang meant the Dutch increasingly felt the need to control the actions of Jambi. They coerced Sultan Facharudin to agree to greater Dutch presence in the region and control over trade, although the sultanate remained nominally independent. In 1858 the Dutch, apparently concerned over the risk of competition for control from other foreign powers, invaded Jambi with a force from their capital Batavia. They met little resistance, and Sultan Taha fled upriver, to the inland regions of Jambi. The Dutch installed a puppet ruler, Nazarudin, in the lower region, which included the capital city. For the next forty years Taha maintained the upriver kingdom, and slowly reextended his influence over the lower regions through political agreements and marriage connections. In 1904, however, the Dutch were stronger and, as a part of a larger campaign to consolidate control over the entire archipelago, soldiers finally managed to capture and kill Taha, and in 1906, the entire area was brought under direct colonial management.

Following the death of Jambi sultan, Taha Saifuddin, on April 27, 1904 and the success of the Dutch controlled areas of the Sultanate of Jambi, Jambi then set as the Residency and entry into the territory Nederlandsch Indie. Jambi's first Resident OL Helfrich was appointed by the Governor General of the Dutch Decree No. 20 dated May 4, 1906 and his inauguration held on July 2, 1906.

Kerinci is known as the natural beauty and coolness that has tremendous. One of these attractions Khayangan Hill. Enchantment of tourist objects Khayangan Hill is one of the major tourist attractions in the Sungaipenuh city. Gunung Raya is located in clusters adjacent to Kerinci Seblat National Park (TNKS). Precisely at the Village Community Development Work. It reached an altitude hill 2000 meters above sea level with temperatures around 20 degrees celcius.

To visit the tourist attraction that travelers should entering the Sungaipenuh city first. From Sungaipenuh, hills can be seen clearly. With driving a vehicle with four wheels or two wheels, the travelers must pass through the winding roads. The time needed from Bukit Khayangan to Sungaipenuh city is about 35 minutes. While at the Mount Khayangan, visitors will feel the coolness. Moreover, a thin mist covered the whole top of the hill. Created the impression as if it were in khayangan (Heaven).

When the fog began swept by the wind, the beauty of the valley below clear to see. Travelers can view the magnificent scenery from the heights of Kerinci. Lake Kerinci and expanse plots rice fields and the yellowing rice plants, scattered residential villages, and rows of Barisan hill, can be enjoyed from that place. The coolness air is making the travelers to more ease to linger there. Not only that, in the north, the valley lies to verdant bamboo trees and winding roads of the foothills. The created panorama object is a fantastic panoramic view. Condition to the Mount Khayangan was asphalt and wide enough. The facilities at the tourist attraction that was quite adequate. There’s cement path with a number of steps. The atmosphere is beautiful with many tall trees and shade. The air very cool and far away from pollution.

Beside That, at a tourist attraction, had built a permanent cabin intended for leisure travelers enjoy the natural scenery of Kerinci. Object of this one is often visited tourist travelers. Both from within and outside the country Ilustration The urban anthropologist from Diponegoro University who visited Jambi, Radjimo, said that the Kerinci Tribe who live in Bukit Barisan Highland around Kerinci Mountain is older than Inca Tribe, Indian, in the USA. “From the conclusion of Dr Bennet Bronson’s research, a researcher from the US, together with the Team of Jakarta National Archeological Institute in 1973.

Dating Back

Jambi was the site of the Srivijayan kingdom that engaged in trade throughout the Strait of Malacca and beyond. Jambi succeeded Palembang, its southern economic and military rival, as the capital of the kingdom. The movement of the capital to Jambi was partly induced by the 1025 raid by pirates from the Chola region of southern India, which destroyed much of Palembang. In the early decades of the Dutch presence in the region (see Dutch East India Company in Indonesia, when the Dutch were one of several traders competing with the British, Chinese, Arabs, and Malays, the Jambi Sultanate profited from trade in pepper with the Dutch. This relationship declined by about 1770, and the sultanate had little contact with the Dutch for about sixty years. In 1833, minor conflicts with the Dutch (the Indonesian colonial possessions of which were now nationalized as the Dutch East Indies) who were well established in Palembang, meant the Dutch increasingly felt the need to control the actions of Jambi. They coerced Sultan Facharudin to agree to greater Dutch presence in the region and control over trade, although the sultanate remained nominally independent. In 1858 the Dutch, apparently concerned over the risk of competition for control from other foreign powers, invaded Jambi with a force from their capital Batavia. They met little resistance, and Sultan Taha fled upriver, to the inland regions of Jambi. The Dutch installed a puppet ruler, Nazarudin, in the lower region, which included the capital city. For the next forty years Taha maintained the upriver kingdom, and slowly reextended his influence over the lower regions through political agreements and marriage connections. In 1904, however, the Dutch were stronger and, as a part of a larger campaign to consolidate control over the entire archipelago, soldiers finally managed to capture and kill Taha, and in 1906, the entire area was brought under direct colonial management.

Traditional Costumes

Melayunese's men, Jambi, with traditional costumes Mandiangin, put on Lacak (head dress), Necklace and Pending (broach), Belt, and Keris (knife with woven of jasmine on the tip). A songket shawl crisscross in the middle of body and sarong songket wound around a waist.Special for the women teenager, they wear a dress and make up, wear a hair bun, added with other's head accesories such as a chignon and flowers.

Traditional House

The traditional house of Jambi Province is the house on stilts with the model "Sometimes Lako", was the house remained that was shared 8 rooms. First class named "Jogan", was the place of the rest and placed water. The two "Depan verandas", for the guest of the man. The three "Dalam verandas", the bed of the male child. Fourthly "Ambean Melintang", as the room pengantin. The five "Belakang verandas", girls's bedroom. The six "Laren", the place received the guest of the woman. The seven "Garang", to pound rice also also accommodated water and the eight were the kitchen.

The Tour Adventure Resorts

The temple of Muara Jambi, is located in the complex was gotten 8 ancient legacy temples available this connection with King Sriwidjaya. The Rantau Pandai waterfall, is the stratified waterfall of two. The Aur Duri coast, a place of recreation that panorama is very beautiful. Danau Kerinci, as the place of the cultivation of the fish, also as the inhabitants's local livelihood. Hot water, the source of hot water from Kerinci Lake widely this spring 10 metre. The Sipin lake, this lake of a kind of delta is located in the middle of as the meeting of two river currents that became one. The Anggrek garden, is a garden as the place cultivated orchids including the rare orchid. The Mayang Mangurai garden, a garden that inside is gotten the Jambi museum, marriage equipment, traditional clothes et cetera of the traditional house. The Rimba garden, is the place garden of recreation. Goa was Alam Tiangkap, Batu was inscribed Birahi Coral, Air Terjun Nasional Kerinci, Taman Nasional Berbak, Gunung Raya, Gunung Mesjid, Gunung Kebongson, Bukit Kaca, Gunung Patah Tiga, Gunung Sumbing, Bukit Dua Belas, Padang Satwa Inum Raya, Cagar Alam Hitam Bulian, Danau Ladeh Panjang.

The Folksongs are:Batang Hari, Injit-injit Semut, Pinang Muda, Selendang Mayang.

The Traditional Dances are: Selampit Delapan, Rangkuang, Sekapur Sirih, Kisan.

Traditional Cuisine : Gulai Rembung Jambi, Tampoyak.

The District Identities are

Pinang Merah (Cyrt-sotachysrenda) Flora. Sumatera Tiger (Pantera Trigis Sumateraesisi) Fauna.

Muaro Jambi

Candi Muaro Jambi or Temple Complex of Muaro Jambi. This complex consists of several temples such as candi Astono, candi Tinggi, candi Gumpung, candi Kembar Batu, Candi Gedong, candi Kedaton and candi Koto Mahligai. There is a pool which was used to bath by the king near the candi Gumpung, namely Telago Rajo. This temple complex was built in 4-5 AD. This complex is located in Muara village, the district of Sekernan, about 25 kms in the north east direction of Jambi city.

Tanjung Jabung

Taman Nasional Berbak or Berbak National Park is the largest swamp forest conservation in south asia which covers more than 150,000 ha of square. It has a high and rich bio-diversity, some of them are endemic animals. The park has a premier forest landscape. This area is good to developed nature tourism with many options of activities.

Muaro Tebo

Taman Nasional Bukit Tiga Puluh or Bukit Tiga Puluh National park was stated as a national park in 1995 with it's coverage area of 1,270 km2. Rich of biodiversity and endemic animals, this area is also inhabited by the tribes of Talang Mamak, suku Kubu and Malay traditional farmers. This national park is a great asset for Jambi. Integrated Conservation and Development Project (ICDP) has been built under agreement and coordination of World Wild Fund (WWF) and Indonesian forestry department to manage the park with it's population (the people). Another international research project in this area is Norindra. It will mapping all plants and animals at this area to know the actual potency of this national park.

Muaro Bungo

Air Terjun Tengan Kiri or Tengan Kiri Waterfall is located about 3 kms from Muaro Bungo Town, the district of Muaro Bungo. Naturally built by the nature, the waterfall is very beautiful with it's water running from the scretch of the hills. You can feel th egreat sensation of this waterfall when you are there.Bunga Bangkai (Amorpaphilus Titanium), or more known as Raflesia Arnoldi, is an endemic plant of Sumatera. It means that this plant exists only in Sumatera. It's flower could reach 2.85 meters in length. The strange is that, this flower has a bad smell or not like common flower which smell good. This plant is located in the district of Rantau Oandan, about 35 kms outside Muara Bungo town.

The State Museum

The State Museum of Jambi Province - 13.350 square meters in width – was built in 1981 above the 4.000 square meters land. The physical appearance of the museum implies the Kajang Loko architecture, typical of Jambi Province‘s traditional architecture. For note, the museum has been officially open for public since June 6^th, 1988. Numerous historical and cultural collections of Jambi Province are kept well inside the museum. And then, those collections are divided into some categories such as biology, geology, archaeology, ethnography, and numismatology.

At least there are 2.855 historical and cultural collections that are kept well inside the state museum of Jambi Province. Five of them – two golden statues of Avolokiteswara, heptagonal golden medal made of Turkey, golden belt and necklace – are the icons of the museum. The discovery of Avolokiteswara statues happened in Rantau Kapas Tuo in 1991, while the heptagonal golden medal – dated in 1928 A.D. – is a tributary of Ottoman Empire from Turkey. Far before being given to the state museum of Jambi Province, the medal had ever been kept by a royal family in Malaysia.

Some other historical properties of the museum are the old money machine stamp, ancient canoe, Jambi traditional costumes, and many more. Discover numerous valuable properties within, suit for you who are undertaking a research in Jambi Province. The State Museum of Jambi Province lies on Urip Sumoharjo Street, Telanai Pura Sub-district, Jambi City, Jambi Province.

The Rivers are

Sungai Batang Alai, Sungai Air Hitam, Sungai Betara, Sungai Batang Baru, Sungai Batang Air Hitam, Sungai Batang Asai, Sungai Basau, Sungai Batang Hari, Sungai Batu Gadang, Sungai Batang Bunga, Sungai Belengo, Sungai Belato, Sungai Betara, Sungai Beram Hitam Besar, Sungai Beru, Sungai Bulian, Sungai Danaubangko, Sungai Batang Herangan, Sungai Kaos, Sungai Mendahara, Sungai Mengheran, Sungai Mesumi, Sungai Mentawak, Sungai Herangin, Sungai Pelepal, Sungai Rebah, Sungai Siasin, Sungai Singkut, Sungai Singoan, Sungai Batang Tabir, Sungai Batang Tembesi, Sungai Batang Tebo.

Berbak National Park

Berbak National Park is a national park area on the eastern coastline of Central Sumatera included in Ramsar Convention for international wetland conservation. In 1992, the minister of Forestry, Republic of Indonesia following the original 1935 by Dutch colonial, officially states this area as National Park. Berbak National Park is a national park area on the eastern coastline of Central Sumatera included in Ramsar Convention for international wetland conservation.

By canoeing through the swamp river canal, we can enjoy the undisturbed wildlife on the riverside and canopies. We have two exotic areas in this park, that are Air Hitam Dalam, typical freshwater swamp and floodplain, with wetland ecosystem and Air Hitam Laut and Cemara River where typical coastline and saltwater swamp and marsh is dominating the area. Up to 300 species of birds are living peacefully inside the park. Some exotic birds like, Wild duck (cairina scutulata), and all species of Raja Udang (alcenedenidae), and also 9 species of Rangkong (Bocerotidae). Migrant birds up to thousands, which reside off their Siberian - Australian journey, especially during October - March season, really amaze any human being, as we will find them blackening the coast horizons.

Primates also dominate the canopies during our canoe traverse. The more challenging wildlife to observe may lie deep underwater below your canoe. We can observe 2 species of crocodile, that is saltwater crocodile (crocodiles porous) and freshwater crocodile (tomistoma schegelii). Turtles family also dominates the swamp area. Big mammalia like Sumateran tiger (panthera tigris Sumateraensis), Black bear (Helartos malayanus) may occasionally show up in front of your canoe. It may be special for the tiger, will require some patience from you and may be a good stamina to traverse into the center of the park on foot.

The Mountainousare

The Besar mountain (587 Meters) was located in the Bungotebo Regency. The Dua Belas hill, one pugunungan in the Sarolangun Regency. The Gadang hill, was located in the Sarolangun Regency. Gunung Kerinci (3,800 Meters) was located in the Kerinci Regency. The Kuaran mountain (486 Meters) was located in the Batang Regency of the Day. The Masuari mountain (2,935 Meters) was located in the Sarolangun Regency. The Patah Sembilan mountain (1,817 Meters) was located in the Bungotebo Regency. The Sumbing mountain (2,507 Meters) was located in the Sarolangun Regency. The Tinjaulaut mountain (677 Meters) was located in the Surolangun Regency.

Telun Berasap Watarfall

Telun Berasap Waterfall is a nature tourism destination which is located in Kerinci District, Jambi Province. The water flows from Lake Gunung Tujuh, which is situated at an altitude of 50 meters. The surrounding people call the waterfall “Telun Berasap” (literally means water smoke) since the fast current of water falling down from the crag creating such “water smoke.” There is a cave nearby the waterfall. However, the local inhabitants are not brave enough to enter the cave. The cave has numerous meandering alleys hence it is difficult to reach. Moreover, the fast current of the waterfall and its escarpment keep the cave isolated from tourists visiting Telun Berasap Waterfall. The water falling down from above sprays soft sprinkle water on the bottom of the waterfall. It is jut like a white smoke called “water smoke”. The water‘s grains spread beautiful colour when the sun shines brightly. The grains spout shinning light like a rainbow. Telun Berasap Waterfall can be reached through three alternatives ways. First, from Jambi to the Punuh River (500 kilometers) and spends approximately 10 hours by taking public transportation or personal car.

Second, starting from Padang to Tapan, then continue to the Penuh River around 278 kilometers. The trip needs for about seven hours to reach the site by using public transportation, rent car, and personal car. And the last, from Padang to Muaralabuh then continue to Kersik Tuo for about 211 kilometers. It can be reached for about five to six hours by public transportation. Telun Berasap Waterfall can be found in Telun Berasap Village, Kayu Aro Sub-district, Kerinci District, Jambi Province.

Bukit Tiga Puluh National Park

Bukit Tiga Puluh National Park is a 143,143 hectares area on the low land area of eastern Sumatera, included into two provinces, Riau and Jambi. Ecologically, this area is classified as low land tropical rainforest, with some intra ecosystem inside like swamp and highland. Some of endangered species are highly protected here like Dead flower (rafflesia hasseltii and rafflesia arnoldi), amorphophallus SP, and some endangered animals like Sumateran tiger (panthera tigris Sumateraensis), tapir (tapirus indicus), primates like Siamang (symphalangus syndactylus), Ungko (hylobates sp), birds (bocerotidae and argusianus argus). This area is also interesting in its natural features of its geology, like the 30 Mountains intrusive complex, folded tertiary sediments, and some offer science breakthrough. Old tribes, which characterized most of Central Sumatera forest, is also one uniqueness you will find inside this park like Talang Mamak tribe.

Tracking Trip

For the adventurer, Especially long trips through the park need a guide. Local guides can be hired in Kersik Tuo village at the foot of Mount Kerinci. Eco-Rural Travel office can also be found here, it's a company, which sell good maps, hires camping gear and organised trips for several days. It's sponsored by the WNF. Mount Kerinci, or Mount Inderapura, can be reached with most vehicles. The popular climb to the top of Kerinci takes two days.

The Promontoriesare: Tanjung Jabung.

The Lakes are

Danau Kerinci / Lake Kerinci, located in Kerinci Regency. Danau Dipancapat / Dipancapat, located in Sarolangun Regency. Danau Sipin / Lake Sipin, Danau Ladeh Panjang-Panjang, Danau Gunuh etc.

Mount Tujug

Mount Tujug is a 10 sq km big crater lake about 50 kilometers north of Penuh River. It's on 1966 meters and it's called the highest sweet water lake in Southeastern Asia. The environment offers simple accommodations, from where people can book a day trip to the lake. Another, easy to reach lake is Kerinci Lake, surrounded by mountains, 783 meters above sea level and 42 sq km big. It's a good plan for a day trip. Both lakes and the surrounding rainforest are good places to enjoy the fauna of the park.

Lake Gunung Tujuh

Lake Gunung Tujuh is a spectacular caldera lake of 960 hectares, located at an attitude of 1,950 metres and surrounded on all sides by the very steep slopes of Mt. Tujuh. This volcano has seven (tujuh) peaks, the highest of which is 2,732 metres. The lake measures about 4.5.kilometres long by 3 kilometres wide, and the greatest depth recorded is 40 metres. It is located within the Kerinci Seblat N.P., and all the surrounding hills and mountains are densely forested. It is accessible by a 1.5 (very fast) to three-hour (slow) walk along a small forest path leading straight up the mountain from the PHPA guardpost of Pesisir Bukit (alt. 1,400 metres), which in turn is a half-hour walk from Pelompek village. The track leads up to a point on the crater rim (alt. 2,010 metres), immediately south of the outlet river of the lake. Administratively, L. Gunung Tujuh lies in Gunung Kerinci District (Kecamatan), with Siulak Deras as administrative centre (Bakosurtanal and Bappeda Jambi, 1990).

Present condition

Lake Gunung Tujuh is a (geologically) very young and virtually pristine lake, with a well-forested watershed and crystal clear waters. Fishermen occasionally operate at the lake and two buts (pondoks) were observed in small clearings along the lake edge. Where the path reaches the lake there is a small clearing, and some rubbish has unfortunately been left scattered here. Air Terjun Telun Berasap or Telun Berasap Waterfall is a great waterfall which is located in the are of Kerinci Seblat National Park. The waters is coming out with 10 meters in width from 45 meters cliff. The waterfall ends at the valley after bringing a great sound and fog or smoke. This is from where the name of the waterfall derived.Kawasan Bukit Tapan or Tapan Hill Zone is a conservation of Pinus Kerinci (Pinus Merkusi Strain Kerinci). This zone is an habitat of a number of endemic animals at the area. Calm and peace, this place is good to research and learning. This place is located about 17 kms from the Sungai Penuh town an acould be reach in 30 minutes drive.

Mount Kerinci

A climb to the top of Mount Kerinci or one of many other volcanoes shows an important and remarkable change in vegetation; lower trees, which are covered in mush and sub-alpine meadows and swamps at the top, gradually replace high trees. A remarkable flower on higher altitudes is the Javanese edelweiss Anaphalis javanica, which only grows on volcanoes. This flower usually reaches four meters in height and is colored white-green because of its small hairs; the flowers are yellow with white. The peak of the volcano itself is bald, because of the last eruption in 1934. The park also houses the biggest flowers in the world, the monstrous, flesh red flower of the parasite Rafflesia arnoldi and the two-meters-high flower-flames of Amorphophallus titanum.

Mount Kerinci is the highest top in Sumatera island. In it's 3,805 meters-height-top, we can find it's lava which has size of 600 x 100 m2.The top always covers by fogs. Climbing the mountain will take more than 11 hours and through 10 stoping posts. Climbing activity in this mountain is dangerous for beginners. It is recommended that your activities are guided by local people.Kerinci Lake is situated on 783 meters above sea level. Located in Sanggar village, the lake is about 5,000 ha in square. Surrounded by the scratch of hills, this lake is a great place to take various activities such as fishing, photography, canoeing or just walking around to enjoy the beautiful sightseeing.

Kerinci Seblat National Park

Kerinci Seblat National Park (KSNP) is the largest national park in Sumatera and one of Indonesia's most important natural reserves. KSNP had been gazetted with a total area of 1,375,000 hectares. The park area includes the second highest mountain in Indonesia and the highest caldera lake in Southeast Asia. Habitats range from lowland dipterocarp rainforest to montane forests and volcanic alpine formations.The park is home to a staggering diversity of flora and fauna. It is thought that more than 4,000 plant species grow in the park area, including the world's largest flower, Rafflesia arnoldi, and the tallest flower, Amorphophallus sp. Some 17 species of birds and several mammal species found in the park are endemic to Sumatera, appearing nowhere else on earth.

Kerinci Seblat Tiger Protection

Kerinci Seblat National Park is one of the largest national parks in Asia, and a world-renowned center for biodiversity. In addition, the park and its surrounding forests have been identified as one of the five most important sites in the world for the long term survival of tigers in the wild. Sumatera capital city of Padang estimated that between 400-600 Sumateran tigers were likely to survive in the wild, reduced from a population of about 10,000 in 1900. They felt that the tiger population in Kerinci Seblat National Park was probably in the region of 76 animals. In fact, based on Fauna and Flora International’s five years of fieldwork in the national park, the 1994 estimate was, at the time, a considerable under-count (similar under-estimates were also made in Way Kambas national park in southern Sumatera).

Lake Kerinci

The lake which is located in the slope of Mount Raja is the biggest lake in Kerinci district. It is 5.000 meters square wide, at an altitude of 783 meters. The scenery of the lake is so enchanted so you will not easily get bored watching the spread out clear water with wonderful marched mountainous. In the center of the lake, some fishermen`s traditional boats sail above the calm water surface where many kinds of fishes can be found within.

In the villages around the lake, there are many heritages of the Stone Age era in shape of carved stones. It indicates that the area around the lake had ever been settled by ancient people living about thousand years ago. There is an annual event showing the traditional art performances of Jambi province. It is proposed for welcoming the tourists visiting Lake Kerinci. Lake Kerinci is located between Danau Kerinci Sub-district and Keliling Sub-district, Kerinci District, Jambi Province.

There are three alternatives for accessing the destination; you may take either public or private transportations.

Started from Jambi to Sungai Penuh, about 500 km away that can be reached in approximately 10 hours.
Started from Padang to Tapan continue to Sungai Penuh, 278 km which will spend about seven hours.
Started from Padang to Muaralabuh continue to Kersik Tuo, 211 km, in approximately five to six hours.

Batanghari

Cagar alam hutan Bulian is a central conservation of kayu Bulian (Evisideroxylon Zwageri). In this forest we could make a research on a unique plant or just having a sightseeing for the beauty of primier forest vegetation. This forest covers about 7480 in square. In order to reach this forest, we have to make a land trip from Jambi city through Muara Bulian town.Penangkaran buaya, or Crocodile Conservation Center is located on Kebun IX village, in the district of Jambi. It's about 48 kms out of Jambi city. In this place you can see the conservation system for crocodile using local technology. The brave of the employee in serving the wild animal may give a special impression for you.

The Straits are

Selat Berhala / Berhala Islandis a small island (about 1km2 in square) in Jambi. In a certain time we can walk around the island in a whole. Every November this island is become a stop point for migran birds from other parts of the world. With it's white sandy beach and stone beach, this island could be a great place for recreation beside visiting the funeral of Datuk Paduko Berhalo.Located about 50 kms from Kuala Tungkal, the funeral of Orang Kayo Hitam is considered to be a holy place by the local people. Orang Kayo Hitam is the king of Jambi kingdom in 5 AD. Many people come to this funeral for something.

The Wildlife Reserves are

The Tiangko upstream (the Area 1 hectare) was located in Sarko. The cave was historic/cirri histories. Berbak National Park (19,000 Hectares) was located in the Jabung Cape, as cirri faunistis him the Elephant, Tapir, and the Sumateran Tiger.

The Flora are

Kayu Meranti, Kayu Banio, Kayu Rikir, Kayu Besi, Nibung.Apart from filamentary algae, no aquatic plants were recorded during the present survey. Morley, Fienley and Kardin (1973) spent more time at the lake, constructing a raft to venture out on, and report that "There is virtually no marginal swamp except for a small patch of Equisetum sp. accompanied by Patidanus sp.Carex sp. and Impatiens sp.". Their Equisetum is probably E.debile, as recorded at nearby L. Belibis, and their Impatiens is probably I. platypetala, as recorded at the nearby Bento swamps, and at Lempur.

The Fauna are

Burung Kakak Tua, the Elephant, the Goat, the Water Buffalo, the Tapir, deer, the Ox, the Tiger.No freshwater snails were recorded, in spite of a lengthy search, and only one fish species was reported to occur, namely keperas (peres/Puntius sp.). Thierry Thomas carried out a bird survey in the area in September 1990, but did not observe any aquatic birds. No aquatic birds were seen during the present survey (10/4/91), and our guide confirmed that he had never seen any ducks or egrets there, although he had been there at least a dozen times.

Anak Dalam (Kubu) Tribes

Self designation Communities that isolated who live around the Bukit Dua Belas National Park Jambi calls themself Orang Rimba with the outside community, called them as the Orang Terang. Anak Dalam Preferred call by themselves that they loved, and they were very angry at being called the Kubu, designations were considered demeaning themselves. In conversations among citizens about the Kubu reflected. Kubu (or Anak Dalam) is the name of an isolated tribe whose members are still little touched by the influences of modernity. About 900 to 1,000 of them live scattered inside the Biosfier Park and on the Bukit Duabelas hillside, a number that has remained practically unchanged over the past decades because the mortality and birth rates are more or less balanced. The Kubu are mostly hunters, although they also grow edible tuberous plants. They also collect rattan to be exchanged in barter with hunting tools. The people still lead a nomadic life and move to a new site whenever there is something wrong in their current place, or someone dies.

Other isolated tribes in Jambi are the Talang Mamak, Laut, Bajau and Talang. However, the Kubu are not capable to top the ever closing farmers, bulldozers and chainsaws, they still succeeded to adapt to the rapidly changing environment. They have some agriculture right now, against their original way of life. They deforest small pieces of forest for growing rice, corn or different kinds of carrots. Above all these cultivations attract animals, so they can hunt more effective.

Most Kubu nowadays have close contacts with the farmers in the environment without being village inhabitants themselves, or want that to be. They settle themselves on locations where they are free to hunt, and they often work as worker; they help with the harvest and they create new agricultural soil in the near environment. They also gather and trade products from the forest like honey, rattan and various kind of harsh. There is an increasing demand for their handicrafts: baskets and fishing equipment. In trade the Kubu receive rice, tobacco, salt, iron products, medication and cotton cloths. Flashlights, guns, radio's and other products get an ever-increasing importance, and debris is a witness from their increasing contacts with the outside world. Besides the common teeth, shells and bones of wild animals, there are batteries, tin cans, bottles and plastic mess as well. Because of this changes living environment, some kind of economical symbiosis was created between the Kubu and the farmers, however they are still distant from each other for what social status is concerned. The villagers often-strong Moslems which have the feeling being a part of the new Indonesia in development - show little respect for the 'half naked, all eating, uncivilized Kubu' which maintain their old and irregular way of life.

The Kubu, on their turn, still reject living in villages. The heavy work on the soil, the small moving freedom and many oblige which the villagers have to do, like education, developmental and political activities and 'gotong royong' (communal exchange of labor) are fearful to the Kubu. That's why they are constantly in opposition against the pressure and temptations from the outside world who wants to force them to become villagers. This explains why the Kubu never accepted houses in areas with transmigration projects and why they didn't hold on long in villages what were built for their 'development and civilization'. They choose for freedom of living in the forests, living on the edge of civilization as a loose worker. Only when this only possibility is taken away, they show themselves more openly: as beggars in wood chop camps, at bus terminals and along the roads. Maybe people can see this as their adaptation to the modernized form of hunting and collecting where money, food and cigarettes are the aim, but it's a living habit that has not been chosen by the Kubu selves. It's not only needed that their environment is protected and saved, but also a severe reconsideration of the future of the Kubu is needed.

Another Tourism objects interests are:

Anak Dalam (Kubu) Tribes, Woven / Traditional Songket & Batik, Muaro Jambi Temple, Kompangan, Women Headgear / Tengkuluk, Goa (cave), Bangko Regency, Barong Sai, Kawasan Air Terjun Tegan Kiri, The History and Archaeological remains, Taman Mini Jambi (Miniature Park), Dam Betuk.

The Airports

Airport Sultan Toha, is located in Jambi. Airport Kerinci, is located in Kerinci. Airport Kuala Tungkal, is located in the Tungkal Estuary. Mayang Airport sand, is located in Mayang Sand.

The Harbors: Pelabuhan Laut Jambi, is located in Jambi Province.

The Folksongs : Batang Hari.

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